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当前日期: 2010-2-9

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【串讲笔记】英语(一)(第16课-第21课)
阅读次数:51744

   

  Unit 16
  Text A    Heart Disease:Treat or Prevent?

  搭配:

  1. pend 时间/金钱/经历on sth./doing sth.  花时间、金钱、经历做某事

  2. Emphasis on sth.  强调什么(名词词组)

  3. Associate sb./sth. with sb./sth.  把什么与什么联系在一起

  4. Take place  发生

  5. Enable sb. to do sth.

  6. Benefit from  受益于

  7. Advantage  优势(n.); disadvantage  劣势(n.)

  8. Be encouraged to do sth.  被鼓励去做某事

  9. Pay attention to sb./sth./doing sth.  注意

  10. As a result of sth.  作为什么的结果

  11. Tend to do sth.  倾向去做某事

  12. Rely on sb./sth.  依赖某人/某事

  13. Take responsibility for sth./sb.  对某人或某事负责

  14. Succeed in doing sth.  成功作某事

  15. Be aware of  意识到

  语言点:

  1. he death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.

  2. Die of  死于疾病;die from  死于外因

  3. 时态题:Many operations that were considered impossible a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals.

  4. 时态题:In the recent past, medical researchers have begun to emphasize the fact that heart disease is associated with(与什么相联系) stress, smoking and a lack of(缺少) exercise.

  5. Many are paying more attention to reducing stress in their lives.

  6. The number of smokers in the United States is now far(副词用来强调) below the level of twenty years ago as many people succeed in breaking the habit and as fewer people take it up.

  7. Benefit  受益(n.或v.); beneficial  受益的(adj.)

  8. Increase  增加;decrease  减少

  Text B     Dieting Your Way to Health

  搭配:

  1. Go on  继续

  2. Regardless of  不管;无论

  3. Have sth. in common  在哪方面有相似之处

  4. Lose weight  减肥

  5. Do harm to sb./sth.; be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人或某事不利

  6. Sth. is supplied to sb.  把某物供应给某人

  7. Lose interest in sth.  对什么丧失兴趣

  8. Resistance to sth.  对什么的抵制

  9. As a result  结果是

  10. Suffer from  承受

  11. Take the place of  替代

  12. Lead to(介词)  导致

  13. Result in  导致

  14. Lead a happy life  过一个幸福的生活

  15. Provide sb. with sth.  给某人提供什么

  16. Keep sb./sth. from sth.  事某人或某事免受

  17. Take substitutes for sb./sth.  替代

  语言点:

  1. Though their common aim may seem basically good, they probably do not realize that misguided dieting can do more harm than good to their health.

  2. 语法:冠词的顺序问题

  a strict diet 试比较 too strict a diet (很严格的饮食)

  a great quantity of books 试比较 as great a quantity of books (大量的书)

  3. Much less food than usual 此处的much放在比较级less前起到一个强调的作用;less是little的比较级

  4. What(what在主语从句中做realize的宾语,指事,所以用what) they do not realize, however, is that carbohydrates are our bodies' main source of energy.

  5. As a result, they try to avoid eating(avoid这个动词后如果加动词应该用动词的ing形式) these foods, and consequently, they become weaker and less(less是little的比较级) healthy.

  6. They begin to have difficulty sleeping(省略介词in) properly and start to suffer from radical mood changes.

  7. In fact, such artificial sweeteners actually increase one's appetite and lead to one's eating even more than usual.

  8. Of course, the fact that misguided forms of dieting result in so many problems does not mean that no dieting is safe or all dieting is harmful to the health.

  9. Well-balanced  均衡的

  10. Skimmed milk  脱脂牛奶

  11. Instead of regular milk, one can take skimmed milk, which contains as many proteins and minerals as regular milk but has had the fat removed.(has是完成时态的助动词;had表示使,让;跟在has后面用了have的过去分词形式had;由于脂肪发不出remove的动作,所以用了remove的过去分词形式)

  12. In the same way, vegetable oil can be used for cooking instead of animal oil.


  Unit 17
  Text A   Panic and Its Effects

  搭配:

  1. Be diagnosed as  被诊断为

  2. Bear similarity to sb./sth.  与什么很相似

  3. As to sb./sth  有关于某人或某事

  4. At least  至少

  5. Become isolated from  与什么相隔立

  6. Advice to sb.  给某人的建议

  7. Consult sb. for sth.  咨询某人某事

  8. Rule out  排出

  9. Seek help  寻求帮助

  语言点:

  1. One afternoon while she was preparing(从one afternoon 可以判断出是过去时;从连词while可以判断出是进行时态,所以为过去进行时)dinner in her kitchen,Anne Peters,a 32-year-old(有连字符时不能加复数)housewife,suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied(过去分词做后置定语,表被动,是伴随的意思)by shortness of breath.

  2. Frightened(由于此处表示主语Anne自己的情感,所以使用frighten的过去分词frightened) by the thought that she was having a heart attack, Anne screamed for help.

  3. Uneasy(心神不安的,不舒服的)-easy

  4. They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations where(定语从句中缺少地点状语) people normally would not be afraid.

  5. Many claim that psychological stress could be a logical cause, but as yet, no evidence has been found(完成时的被动语态) to support this theory.

  6. It is reported that+从句  据报道;it is generally agreed that+从句  大家认为

  7. Danger (n.危险)-endanger(v.使危险)

  Text B  Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy?

  搭配:

  1. Commit murder  谋杀

  2. Search for sth.  寻找

  3. Wake(过去是为woke)up  醒来/唤醒

  4. Have the habit of doing sth.  有做某事的习惯

  5. Border on  近似于;称得上

  6. Have inhibitions against  抑制

  7. In general  通常说来

  8. Be exaggerated in  在什么方面很夸张

  9. More or less  多多少少/几乎

  10. Become alarmed about  小心,留意

  语言点:

  1. Endless  无穷无尽的

  2. Persons have been said/reported/known to do sth.  据说人们曾经做过…

  3. Lost boy  迷路的小男孩

  4. Sleepwalking(动名词作主语) is a scientific reality.

  5. What(主语从句中缺少主语指事用waht) is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance.

  6. Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more(common的比较级是more common,much放在比较级前用来强调) common than is generally supposed.医生说梦游要比原来人们认为的更为普通。

  7. Publicized 出版的

  8. 形容词或副词+enough to do sth.  到了某种程度以至于做某事


  Unit 18
  Text A  Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top?

  搭配:

  1. Little more than  仅仅是

  2. Place sth. on a sound footing  把什么建立在可靠的基础上

  3. Be known to sb./sth.  为某人或某事所知

  4. Base on  建立在什么基础之上

  5. Rather than  而不是

  6. Attempt to  试图做某事

  7. In the form of  以某种形式

  8. Be unaware that+从句  没有意识到

  9. The reason for sth.  什么的原因

  10. Interfere with  干涉

  11. In accordance with  根据

  12. With the spread of sth.  随着什么的扩展

  13. Increasing reliance on sb./sth.  越来越依赖

  语言点:

  1. It was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound footing. 这是一个典型的强调句型,not until many centuries later是被强调的成分。

  2. Flattened  平面的

  3. Given(考虑到) the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong.

  4. His estimate of China and the Atlantic Ocean was far from being accurate.(动名词作介词宾语,表示一点不准确)

  5. Move(v.移动)-immovable(adj.固定不变的);use(v.使用)-useless(adj.无用的)

  6. Assume  假定


  Text B    You Have a Choice

  搭配:

  1. Travel side by side  并列行驶

  2. Be certain of  对什么很确定

  3. Bring about  引起

  4. Account for  解释

  5. Lead to the same result  导致同一结果

  6. Choose one over another  选择一个而不选择另一个

  7. Deal with  处理;解决

  语言点:

  1. We are seated in one of the trains, and with us we have a special speedometer that measures their relative speed.

  2. Furthermore,regardless of which explanation we choose,the end result will be the same.

  3. Motion(n.行动)-motionless(静止的)

  4. At the train station we cannot tell whether it was our train or not.

  5. Only after the other train pulled out of the station could we see that it,and not our train,was moving.本句话为倒装句,由only+状语从句构成+助动词+主语+动词的适当形式+其他


  Unit 19
  Text A   Animals at Risk: Who Cares?

  搭配:

  1. Keep pace with  跟上步伐

  2. Compete with  与谁竞争

  3. Threat to sb./sth.  对某人或某事构成威胁

  4. Be claim to be  声称

  5. Be concerned about  对什么感到很担心

  6. Look after  照顾

  7. Be armed with  装备

  语言点:

  1. An animal species becomes(虽然species是以s结尾,但此处该词跟在冠次an后,还是单数,所以谓语become用了单数) extinct when it fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death rate.

  2. Better-adapted  更能适应环境的

  3. A number of examples can be given of the way in which(定于从句之所以用in which,是因为in the way表示以某种方式) natural environments are being rapidly changed.

  4. Likelihood  可能性

  5. Because表示因为是连词,后面应该接句子;because of 表示因为是介词短语,后加名词或代词。

  6. Provided(that)+从句,表示如果

  7. There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or near-natural environments.

  Text B   The killer Smogs

  搭配:

  1. Be filled with  充满

  2. Be caused by  由什么引起的

  3. Turn into  转变成

  4. Combine sth./sb. with   把什么结合在一起

  5. Be blown away  被吹走

  6. Be due to sb./sth./doing sth.  因为

  7. Breath in  呼进

  语言点:

  1. Fog(n.雾)-foggy(adj.雾的)

  2. The first reported event  第一个被报道的事

  3. Older people with lung or heart diseases were hit(受害最重/受打击最重) hardest.

  4. Deadly  致命的

  5. Bad的最高级worst

  6. The polluted air  被污染的空气

  7. Affect(v.影响)


  Unit 20
  Text A   You Can't Do It Because It Hurts Nobody

  搭配:

  1. Be aware that+从句  意识到

  2. Range from…to…范围从什么到什么

  3. Vary in degree  程度不同

  4. Be tolerant of  忍受

  5. Care about  在意

  6. Prevent sb. from sth./doing sth.  阻止某人做某事

  7. When it comes to doing sth.  涉及到,谈到

  8. A mass of  众多

  9. End up with  以什么来结束

  10. Keep an eye on sb.  留心,留意

  语言点:

  1. Custom  风俗、习惯;customs  海关

  2. In case+句子,表示“假如,万一”

  3. Much less than 这里less是little得比较级,less than是比什么少的意思,much放在比较级前用来强调。

  4. In addition to breaking the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime.

  5. It may be that, by seeing others do something, we accept it more easily. See sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事的全过程,或,see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事

  6. Most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit.此句为形式宾语句,形式宾语句的顺序如下:主语+谓语+it+名词或形容词+动词不定式to+其他

  7. We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading(动名词作主语) about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should.

  8. Used to do sth.  表示过去常常做某事

  Be/get/become used to doing sth.  现在习惯于做某事

  9. They may not mind cheating on taxes. Mind后面需要加动词的ing形式。

  10. Acceptable  可以接受的

  11. Have misconception about sth.  对什么有错误的观点

  12. It is surprising+从句,之所以用surprising而不是surprised是由于它表示某事令某人惊讶;surprised更倾向于某人内心自我感到惊讶

  13. 10% of Canadians have a criminal record. 语法题:百分比或分数,其后如果是可数名次复数,那么谓语动词用复数;其后如果是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。

  Text B   Marriage in Iran and America: A Study in Contrasts

  语言点:

  1. Though marriage is practiced(人们都在做的事) in almost all countries of the world, the customs are qite different from one culture to another.(第一自然段第一句):虽然结婚是世界上几乎所有的国家的人们都在做的事情,但结婚的习俗确随文化不同而大相径庭。

  2. It(形式主语) is interesting for me to(动词不定式作真正主语) compare the customs of marriage in the United States with(compare sth./sb. with sth./sb.拿什么人或时进行比较)those in my country.(第一自然段第二行)

  3. I've lived in the U.S. for four years now, but I'm still not comfortable with(对什么习惯) the customs here.我在美国已经生活了四年,但还是不习惯这里的风俗习惯。

  4. In fact, what seems strange to me(主语从句中缺少主语指事用what) is that courting or dating is not always for the purpose of(为了什么的目的) finding a husband or wife.(第二自然段第二行)其实,我觉得奇怪的是,求爱或者约会的目的并非总是为了找丈夫或者妻子。

  5. Do sth. as a hobby  把做什么当作习惯

  6. 翻译题:They seem to have a lot of freedom to decide and do what they want.(第三自然段第二行)它们有很大的自由来决定和做自己想做的事。

  7. Do sth. without the knowledge of sb.  做某事而不让某人知晓

  8. In fact, I have known several friends who got married(结婚) without even telling(动名词作介词宾语) their parents or other family members.

  9. Wedding ceremony  结婚典礼

  10. A prepared speech  准备好的演讲

  11. Be willing to do sth.  愿意做某事

  12. If they both say “yes,” and nobody attending(现在分词做后置定语) the wedding stands up to object(站起身反对), they are declared “man and wife.”(第四自然段倒数第四行)如果双方都说同意,并且出席婚礼的人当中也没人站起来反对,就宣布他们为夫妻。

  13. Be involved in  参与

  14. If she is pleased, (表示人内心的情感,用过去分词作表语)then she will return another day with her son. (第五自然段倒数第四行)如果母亲满意了,他会某天带儿子再来。

  15. The actual marriage ceremony is quite different, however, from(与什么不同) the American wedding ceremonies I have seen.

  16. Twice the bride must remain(保持,是个半系动词,后面接形容词) silent to the questions of the mullah.(第六自然段第六行)对毛拉(参考593页单词表里对毛拉的注解)两次提出的问题,新娘都不应作答。

  17. Take care of  照顾或处理

  18. Sth. given to sb. 赋予给某人某事 e.g. the freedom that is given to American youths 赋予给美国年轻人的权利。


  Unit 21
  Text A   The Language of Uncertainty

  第一段

  1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.(第一句)

  Spread(传播) through our lives thoroughly=在我们的生活中无处不在

  不确定性在我们的生活中无所不在,以致它支配着我们的语言。

  2. 第二句:is made up in large part of words

  be made up of  构成;in large part  很大程度上

  3. 第五行:“is likely to destroy forever the nation that wages it.”

  Be likely to do sth.  很可能做某事;wage it(the war)  发动战争

  4. 最后一句话:Lacking(现在分词作原因状语,用现分的原因是主语we能够发出lack的动作) any standard for estimating the probability, we are left with(放任) the judgment of the editorial writer.

  因为我们缺乏任何估计这一可能性的标准,只好听任社论作者去做出判断了。

  第二段

  1. 第一句:Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized.

  Be necessarily to do sth.  做某件事情没有太大必要

  句中采用了to be criticized是由于主语verbal imprecision(言辞的不精确性)无法发出criticize(批评)的动作。

  这类言辞的不精确性并非一定要受到批评。

  2. 第二句:allow sb. to do sth.  允许某人做某事

  be out of the question  不可能;不能接受;be out of question  没问题

  第三段

  1. 最后一句:can not be reduced to sth./sb.

  be reduced to  转化为

  第四段

  1. 第一句:pin down sth.  准确说明

  2. 最后一句:compare sb./sth. with sb./sth.  拿某人或某事对比

  第五段

  1. First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved.(过去分词作后置定语,表示涉及)

  Depend on  依靠;依赖

  当然,我们首先发现的是数目决定于涉及的事务。

  2. 第三行:However, unrelated(不相关的) areas sometimes show parallel(相似、类似) values.

  然而,同一个词在不相关的领域中有时量值相似。

  3. 第五行:be certain to do sth.  一定做某事

  4. 第六行:signify to sb.  对某人意味着

  be likely to do sth.  很有可能做某事

  第七段

  1. 第一行:Thirdly, there is a marked (过分作定语,表示明显的)change with age.

  数目随年龄显著变化

  2. 第二行:The older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. 越来越句型

  年龄越大,取得玻璃球就越小。

  3.P603页,上数第二行:in place of  替代

  Text B    It Never Rains but It Pours

  第一段

  1. 第二行:used to do sth.  过去常常做某事

  请比较 be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

  2. 第五行:regard sth./sb. as  把什么看成

  with no relevance to sb./sth.  与某人或某事没有联系

  第二段

  1. 第一句:Advice about how to live a healthy life is one example of the type of received wisdom which is condensed and passed on to the next generation in the form of proverbs.

  介词about后面是动词不定式to作宾语,动词或介词后可以+特问词+to do sth.的用法。E.g. I don't know where to go.或what to say.

  Received wisdom  公认的智慧

  Pass on to  传与后代

  In the form of  以某种形式

  2. 第四行:There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。

  第三段

  1. 第二行:Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。

  2. 第五行:It's no use crying over spilt milk.  覆水难收。

  3. 最后一行:Make the best of a bad job. 亡羊补牢。

  第四段

  1. P615上数第三行:This proverb is based on(基于) an old English law dating back to(追溯到) the 17th century.

  2. P615上数第六行:Hence the idea carried in the proverb that everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without being punished for it.

  因此,格言包含的寓意是,应该允许任何人犯一次错而不受惩罚。

  第五段

  1. 第四行:be harmful to sb.  对某人有害

  2. 第五行:Don't cause trouble when it(指trouble) can be avoided. 能避开时就别去惹麻烦。

  第六段

  1. 第一行:As Britain came into contact with(开始接触) other countries and cultures, English became enriched with(变得丰富多彩) the words and wisdom of different languages.

  随着英国接触别的国家和文化,英语吸收了不同语言的词汇和智慧,因而变得丰富多彩。

  2. 第五行:It(形式主语) is often easier to carry it through to the end(真正的主语) than to (不可省略,因为than前面与后面应该并列同等)stop halfway. (开始了某项危险的事业),坚持到底比半途而废要更容易。

  第七段

  1. 第一行:Some proverbs have been(完成时的使用是因为后面的时间状语为时间段) in the language for 1,000 years.

  2. 第二行:The message here is that someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than(相当于一个介词,表示而不是) turning their back, is a true friend.

  意思是在困难时帮助你,和你共患难而不是对你置之不理的人才是你真正的朋友。

  第八段

  1.第三行:remind sb. that+从句  提醒某人某事

  3. P616. 上数第一行  If someone buys you lunch, they will expect a favor in return.(回报)

  如果有人请你吃午饭,他会指望将来你给他回报。

  第九段

  1. 第一行:Some English people are reluctant to(不愿做某事) use proverbs in their everyday conversation because they see them as(把什么看作) vehicles(表现) of too much used wisdom(陈词滥调)。 有些英国人在日常谈话中不愿使用格言,因为他们把格言看成是陈词滥调的表现。

  2. 第四行:written English 书面英语;spoken English  口头英语

  homely  简明扼要的

  commentary on sth.  点评某事

  最后一行:be useful to sb.  对某人来说很有用


  Unit 24
  Text A  Saving the Rainforests for Future Generations

  第一段

  1. 第三行:They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up(加快) the economic growth of the nations in which(定于从句,which代指前面的nations,所以in which可以理解为in the nations) they are located.

  雨林被砍伐,其目的是获取珍贵木材和其他资源以加快森林所在国家的经济发展。

  2. 第五行:The most recent figures show that the area of rainforest destroyed(过去分词作后置定语,表被动) last year alone(仅仅) was bigger than the size of Great Britain and Ireland.

  最近的数字表明,仅去年一年热带雨林被毁的面积已经大于大不列颠和爱尔兰两国的面积总和。

  第二段

  1. 第一行:时态题If the present rate of deforestation is allowed to continue, the consequences for the earth will be great.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用现在时表将来。

  如果听任现在的这种毁林速度继续下去,给地球带来的后果会很严重。

  第三段

  1. 第一行:According to many scientists, the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to(促成) the so-called greenhouse effect.

  据许多科学家的意见,热带雨林被烧毁还直接促成所谓的温室效应。

  第四段

  1. 第一行:medicine chest  医药库;unlimited  无限的

  2. 第二行:The US National Cancer Institute has identified 2,000 rainforest plants which could be beneficial in(对什么有益) fighting cancer.

  美国国家抗癌协会找到的2000多种雨林植物队战胜癌症可能有益。

  3. 最后一行:derive from  从什么中获得

  第五段

  1. 第一行:Plant species are not the only forms of life threatened(过去分词在名次后作定语,表被动,意思为:受到什么的威胁) with extinction in the rainforest.

  植物物种并不是热带雨林中唯一受到灭绝威胁的生物。

  2. 最后一行:since the turn of the century  自本世纪初

  第六段

  1. 第一行:In the face of (面对)all these facts, it seems senseless (愚蠢的)for countries to continue destroying (continue doing sth. 继续做正在做的事)their rainforests.

  面对所有这些事实,哪些国家仍然继续毁林看来十分愚蠢。

  2. 第三行:The countries in which(定语从句,之所以在which前面加了介词in是由于定语从句中有一个词组be located in :位于什么地方。当定于从句中有动介词组时,正式的用法是把介词放在关系词前) the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated.

  雨林所在的国家都十分贫穷,人口过多。

  3. 第四行:One of them, Brazil, has a population of (拥有多少人口)140 million, about half of whom(定语从句关系词代指前面的population) are living in absolute poverty.

  其中之一的巴西就有1.4亿人口,差不多一半的人生活在绝对贫困状态之中。

  4. 第五行:The governments in these countries are usually also too weak to(太怎么样以至于不能怎样) stop large companies and powerful individuals from(stop sb. from sth./doing sth.阻止某人做某事) destroying the rainforests.

  这些国家的政府往往也太软弱,制止不了大公司和有权势的个人毁坏森林。

  5. 第九行:The governments often have no choice but (仅有) to turn a blind eye. 政府常常别无选择,只能视而不见。

  第七段

  1. 第一行:The only solution to(问题的解决方案) the problem, then, seems to be for the richer countries of the world to help the countries where (where在这里等于in which)the rainforests are located.

  那么解决问题的唯一办法看来是要靠世界上的富国帮助热带雨林所在的国家。

  2. 第七行:regard sth./sb. as  把某事/某人当作什么;make a living  谋生

  第八段

  1. Such programs could teach the local people how to select trees worth exporting (worth 后面加动词的ing形式)and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest, so that(因此) the basic make-up of the forest would not be disturbed.

  这些计划可以教会本地人怎样选择值得出口的树木,仅仅砍伐那些树,从而留下其他树木,这样就可保持森林的基本构成不受破坏。

  2. On the spot  就地

  第九段

  1. Last but not least  最后同样重要的是

  2. Used paper  用过的纸

  3. Demand for sth.  要求某事

  Text B   Life on the Tundra

  第一段:

  1. Only those plants and animals that are adapted to(适应于) the hostile environment(定于从句) can survive in it.

  只有那些适应恶劣环境的植物和动物才能在这里生存。

  第二段

  1. At the Arctic Circle, the sun cannot be seen above the horizon in December.

  12约在北极圈,无法见到太阳升出地平线。

  2. Over the northern reaches(名词: 可以到达的地区,区域,范围) of the tundra, no sunlight can be seen at all for several months of the year.

  在冻土带的北部大片地区,一年中有好几个月根本见不到太阳。

  第三段

  1. To some degree  在某种程度上

  2. But even in the warmest month, the temperature only averages(动词:平均) about 50 degrees F. 但即使在最温暖的月份,气温平均才大约50华氏度。

  第四段

  1. 第一行:Because of the intense cold, the subsoil of the tundra remains(半系动词:保持) permanently frozen(受冻) to a great depth(达到很深)。

  由于严寒,冻土带的下层土壤常年冻得很深。

  2. 第三行:It is this thin layer of active soil that(强调句型) supports all living things on the tundra.  就是这层薄薄的活土地支持者冻土带所有的生命。

  第五段

  1. Give birth to  赋予生命;lifeless  无生命的

  第六段

  1. Prevent sb. from sth./doing sth.  阻止某人做某事

  第七段

  1.In search of   寻找;hunt for  寻找


  Unit 25
  Text A    American Men Don't Cry

  第一段

  1. 第一行:American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of(什么的特征) men to do so.

  美国男人不哭,因为人们认为哭不是男人的特征。

  2. 第二行:Cry is a “weakness” characteristic of the female,and no American make wants to be identified with(被认为,被理解成为) anything in the least(一点、丝毫不)weak or feminine.

  没有一个美国男人愿意被人认为有丝毫软弱或女人气。

  3. 第四行:Crying(动名次放在系动词前作主语),in our culture,is identified with childishness,with weakness and dependence.

  在我们的文化中,哭被看成是幼稚、软弱和依附的表现。

  4. 第五行:No one likes a crybaby,and we disapprove of (不赞同)crying even in children,discouraging(劝阻)it in them as early as possible.

  没有人喜欢孩子哭。即使孩子们我们也不赞成他们哭,尽量早劝阻他们哭。

  5. 第七行:In a land so devoted to(致力于、专心于)the pursuit of(对什么的追求)happiness as ours,crying really is rather un-American.

  在我们这样一个一心追求幸福的国家里,苦实在不是美国的风格。

  6. 第九行:Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which(本句话为定于从句,在关系代词which前用了介词,此处的原因是由于:which代指situations;介词in放在which前等于in situations,表示在一些情况下) it is permissible for a child to cry.

  在一些场合,孩子们可以哭,但成年人必须学会做到不哭。

  7. 第十行:Women being the “weaker”and “dependent”sex,it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.本句话为虚拟语气:it is+形容词+that+主语+(should可以省略)+动词原型

  女人是软弱的和依附的性别,他们在某些动情的场合下哭是很自然的。

  8. 最后一行:So goes the American belief with regard to(关于、对于)crying.

  So goes sth. 这就是…

  这既是美国人有关哭的信念。

  第二段

  1. 第一行:impress on sb. 使某人铭记

  2. 第二行:And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.

  Condition sb. to do sth. 使某人出于某种状态、使习惯于、使适应;调教

  Condition sb. not to do sth. 请注意此处的否定式

  Feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事  feel like后面加动词的ing形式

  我们也是这样调教美国男人,不管他们什么时候想哭,都能做到不哭。

  3.第三行:it is not that…,but that…不是因为这个原因,而是因为那个原因。

  they are trained not to cry  请注意:否定词被放在非谓语动词to前

  4.P609第二行:And so the “little man” controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until(直到什么时候才) he is unable to cry even when he wants to.

  Go on to do sth.  继续做某事(做不同的事)

  Go on doing sth.  继续做某事(做同一件事)

  于是这位小男子汉控制自己哭的愿望,并一直这样继续下去,直到后来甚至想哭的时候也不会哭了。

  5.P609第九行:be known as  被认为是

  6.第十行:serve a function for sth.  起作用;as a whole  作为整体

  7.第十行: Any interference with(干涉)homeostasis is likely to(有可能做某事)be damaging to(对谁造成损害)the organism.

  对体内平衡的任何干扰都可能损害机体。

  9. 最后一行:incapacity to do sth.  没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth.  有做某事的能力

  第四段

  1. 第一行:To be human is to weep. 哭是人的天性。

  2. 第一行:The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears.(流泪)

  人类是动物界中唯一能流泪的物种。

  3. 第二行:inability to do sth.  没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth.  有做某事的能力

  4. 第五行:among other things  除了其他方面;此外

  5. 第七行:If we feel like it,let us all have a good cry-and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.

  Clear sth. of sth.  把什么从什么中清除

  Prevent sb. from doing sth.  组织某人做某事

  假如我们想哭,就让我们痛痛快快地哭一场,把那些长期妨碍我们认知哭泣这一自然需要的那些陈腐混乱观念从我们的头脑中清除出去。

 
 --考试试题网[Ksstw.com]发布于:
2008-9-2
 
             
 

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